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Bonsai, a Japanese art form, is more regulated than its Chinese counterpart, penjing. Bonsai attempts to reach the ideal tree, while Penjing attempts to reproduce nature. Therefore there is a perfect style bonsai if you obey the rules, while Penjing you unleash your creativity. Consequently, these are the basic models:

• Broom (Hokidachi or Hoki-zukuri)

A very harmonious style, this form has branches that grow to a certain height, forming a broom upside down. This style is mainly achieved through a technique called V-cutting The trunk is cut when you want the industry to begin to develop, then a deep V cut is made on the remaining trunk. This will cause buds to break near the cut. Zelkova serrata are known for this style, but maple and other deciduous species can easily be styled this way.

• Formal Upright (CHOKKAN)

A tree with the title as CHOKKAN has a straight trunk tapering gracefully upward. The first and largest branch is often located at one third of the desired height of the tree is on the right or left. The next branch is located on the opposite side, while the third is in the back creating the perception of depth. When we look at the industry structure from bottom to top, the branches are thinner, creating a pyramid shape.

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